To tell if your dog has a fever, you’ll need a rectal thermometer for the most accurate reading. Dogs’ normal body temperatures range from 101°F to 102.5°F (38.3°C to 39.2°C), and a temperature above 103°F (39.4°C) indicates a fever.
Here’s a step-by-step guide to check if your dog has a fever:
1. Use a Digital Rectal Thermometer
- Choose a dog-friendly thermometer: Regular human thermometers, if digital and quick-read, can work, but pet-specific models are usually easier.
- Apply lubricant: Use a small amount of petroleum jelly or water-based lubricant on the thermometer tip.
- Gently insert the thermometer: Insert it about an inch into your dog’s rectum (for larger dogs, slightly more). Have someone hold your dog still, if possible.
- Wait for the reading: Digital thermometers typically take a few seconds to a minute. Remove it gently and check the temperature.
2. Check for Physical Signs
Sometimes, observing symptoms can provide clues, although these are less reliable than taking a temperature:
- Warm ears and paws: Dogs with a fever may have noticeably warmer ears and paws.
- Lethargy and Shivering: Feverish dogs are often tired, may shiver, or seem sluggish.
- Loss of appetite and panting: These are also common signs, as fever can make them uncomfortable.
3. Monitor Behavior Closely
Behavioral changes can suggest illness. A feverish dog might drink more water, refuse food, or appear unusually clingy or distant.
Important Note:
If your dog’s temperature exceeds 103.5°F (39.7°C) or if they exhibit symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, or extreme lethargy, consult a veterinarian. A temperature over 106°F (41°C) is a medical emergency that needs immediate care.
If you don’t have a thermometer, there are still ways to check if your dog might have a fever. Although these methods are less accurate, they can give you clues about whether your dog’s temperature is elevated. Here’s how to spot signs of fever without a thermometer:
1. Feel Your Dog’s Ears and Paws
- Warm to the Touch: Gently touch your dog’s ears, especially near the base, and their paws. These areas may feel warmer than usual if they have a fever.
- Note Changes: Compare the warmth to how they usually feel, as every dog’s body warmth varies a bit.
2. Check Their Nose
- Dry Nose: A healthy dog often has a cool, moist nose, though this varies by individual. If your dog’s nose is unusually dry or warm, it could be a sign of fever.
- Look for Unusual Discharge: Thick or discolored discharge can also accompany a fever.
3. Observe Their Gums
- Touch Their Gums: A healthy dog’s gums are typically moist and pink. With a fever, gums may feel warmer and appear redder than usual.
- Check for Dehydration: Press a finger gently on the gums; if they stay white for more than a second or two before turning pink again, this can indicate dehydration, a common symptom of fever.
4. Watch for Behavioral Signs
- Lethargy: Dogs with fevers often act tired, sluggish, or less responsive.
- Loss of Appetite: If your dog refuses food, this may indicate they’re feeling unwell.
- Panting and Shivering: Dogs often pant or shiver when their body is trying to regulate a fever.
- Excessive Drinking: Fever can make dogs feel thirsty, so increased water intake can be a sign.
5. Check for Rapid Heartbeat or Breathing
- Increased Heart Rate: Place your hand on your dog’s chest near the left side to feel their heartbeat. A significantly increased heart rate can be a sign of fever or distress.
- Faster Breathing: Dogs with a fever may breathe more rapidly even when at rest.
When to See a Vet
If your dog shows several of these signs or if their behavior seems off, it’s a good idea to contact your vet, especially if symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, or confusion appear. In the absence of a thermometer, these signs provide valuable clues but don’t replace a vet’s assessment if you’re unsure.
